In Missing, Jenny Edkins highlights stories from a range of circumstances that shed light on this critical tension: the aftermath of World War II, when millions in Europe were displaced; the period following the fall of the World Trade Center towers in Manhattan in 2001 and the bombings in London in 2005; searches for military personnel missing in action; the thousands of political "disappearances" in Latin America; and in more quotidian circumstances where people walk out on their families and disappear of their own volition.

This book is written by and for children and young people who live with having someone missing in their lives. That missing person might be a parent or grandparent, a brother or sister, an aunt, uncle or cousin.

This essay analyzes the protests of the Mothers by means of the metaphor of haunting and suggest that their symbols‐diapers as kerchiefs, slogans and sayings, circling the plaza, and marches‐enact a haunting by means of synecdoche.

This paper identifies key priorities for further development to improve practices related to reducing the incidence of missing persons and the provision of services.

In this paper, we argue that the posters represent a powerful response to a traumatic and in some ways unprecedented situation (September 11, 2001), a response that transformed the death of loved ones from a reality or future certainty into a probability made possible by the searchers' desire, emotions, or imagination.

This article analyses the Grand Chamber judgments in Neulinger and X v. Latvia and considers how compliance with Article 8 ECHR should be achieved in the application of the Hague Convention; prioritising return or reflection?

This article explores rituals surrounding death-rituals deprived of the mourners of the unfound-and suggests interventions that may be helpful to those struggling with this type of loss.

Frozen sadness - what we have when we cannot really know what we have lost. This is what Pauline Boss illuminates, and helps to ease.

The locations from which people are reported missing repeatedly in a one year period.

Providing the correct and suitable protection for every child and especially protecting those children at risk.

Focuses on the high volume of children gone missing in relation to the potential risks posed.

Findings from the Gwent Multi-Agency Missing Children Workshops

In this report, the findings of qualitative research from the EU Kids Online III study are presented. The research included children who used the internet weekly. The children were from nine European countries: Belgium, the Czech Republic, Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Romania, Spain, and the United Kingdom.

Report summarising findings from the Second National Incidence Studies of Missing, Abducted, Runaway, and Thrownaway Children. National estimates of missing children based on surveys of households, juvenile residential facilities, and law enforcement agencies.

This guide gives some simple advice on what steps to take when a child goes missing, based on our experience and the views of the young people involved.

This paper reviews the research that has investigated the relationship between family factors and runaway incidence of Children. It also examines the prominent theories to understand runaway phenomena. It aims to assist practitioners and policy makers who work with children and families to make evidence informed decisions

Thousands of people are reported missing each year, yet very little is known about who they are, why they disappear and what happens to them.

Statutory guidance on children who run away or go missing states that when a child is found they should be offered an independent return interview), the document endeavors to explain how and why the interview should be conducted.

The researcher conducted research into the personal history of runaways through the National Database of Police in Finland.

This research project, jointly conducted by UK charities Missing People and Catch 22, explores the links between gang involvement and young people going missing.

The ‘Reaching Safe Places’ research aimed to explore a range of runaway journeys and highlight the policy and practice change needed to increase the likelihood of young people finding a safe place instead of an unsafe one.

The study shows, as has other research, that only a minority of the children/youth take the step to involve professional help.

In this study the main risk factors that lead to youth runaways are presented in depth. The data (62 cases, from both genders since 2008) was collected during the counseling procedure with the families of runaways once the runaway had returned.

Interim report on a project which focuses on homelessness and rough sleeping in children

Paper describing the methodology used in research into homelessness and rough sleeping in children.

Recommendations on return interviews

Paper exploring the safeguarding concerns and responses for children and young people who run away or go missing from home

Summarizes a speech given by Martin Houghton-Brown given on the subject of children runaways.

Examined situational and demographic characteristics in a sample of 47 children missing person police reports.

This report considers the practical application of the right of the child to participate set out in Article 12 in the context of proceedings under the 1980 Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction. Project, which involved an international survey of 97 family justice professionals from 32 countries, found significant global diversity in the interpretation and implementation of the child objections exception and how best to hear a child in the context of Hague Convention proceedings.

Presentation ''The wellbeing of children in cases of international child abduction'' was delivered at the conference was organised by the School of Psychology, University of Liverpool, partnered with the Centre for the Study of Missing Persons at Portsmouth University and sponsored by WPC Software and the UK Missing Person’s Unit.

This is a quantitative study that aims to identify certain trends over time. Doing this may help Child Focus to respond better to the needs of the parents and children involved, taking account of any changes in those needs. In addition, a number of additional research questions were incorporated into the study. These should give us a better understanding of the factors that can affect the well-being of children who have been abducted by one of their parents.

Taking examples from the international community, this comment explores the arguments for and against changing jurisdiction in the United States. This comment also provides a discussion of judicial best practices and stresses the need to expedite the return of abducted children.

This study aims at analysing the international, European and national legal framework applicable to cross-border parental child abduction, with a view to proposing recommendations for the improvement of the current system.

Have you ever heard about parents abducting their own child to another country? A parent takes away his child from the other parent or he refuses to return the child. What about the child’s best interests? What does the child actually want? What is his/her perspective on the abduction? Is it important to hear the voice of the child? Should the judge give weight to his/her testimony?

Saisir le juge ou s'engager dans la médiation ?

The goal of this article is, first, to analyze the operation of the Hague Convention of 25 October 1980 on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction in the context of its Guide to Good Practice on Mediation to determine whether such guide will promote Mediation as a useful method for family conflict resolution in cases of international child abduction by one of the parents.

The paper studies one of the most topical issues arousing in international private law, i.e. internationalabduction of children by one of the parents

The study aims to achieve normative distinction between the kidnapping of a child and exercise parental authority through the legal conditions in which such an act requires state intervention.

In its case law on international child abduction, the European Court of Human Rights (ecthr) seeks to interpret the European Convention on Human Rights (echr) in conformity with the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction. Both instruments safeguard the best interests of abducted children, but in different ways.

Living losses is a project which brings together mothers from across the world to raise awareness of the way in which abduction of a child, relocation and alienation are linked to a pattern of coercive control.

This paper explores how cases of parental child abduction are best resolved, the challenges we face with countries that are not signatories to the Hague Convention, and whether or not there is a role for mediation in these cases.

In 2014, the European Parliament published a study on the use of mediation vs court litigation in cross-border disputes. This research revealed that mediation is 60% less costly then court litigation and that in contrast to court litigation which takes on average 18 months to conclude, a mediation process takes an average of only 43 days.

Report on on the application of Council Regulation (EC) No 2201/2003 concerning jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgements in matrimonial matters and the matters of parental responsibility

This research attempts to fill an important gap in the critical research in this field by evaluating the long-term effectiveness of mediation in cases of international parental child abduction and the effectiveness of the agreements reached within mediation

This two-year research project considered the long and short term effects of international parental child abduction and included an investigation of the effects on the abducted child through child interviews conducted by senior CAFCASS officers

The aim of this research was to investigate the outcome for children returned to a European destination following an abduction concentrating on the lived realities of the international abduction experience for the family members afflicted by it

Sets the problem of child abduction within its international context. It looks at the families in which abductions took place, how preparations were made for an abduction, the quest for the return of the child (including legal proceedings), and the aftermath of the abductions.

What happens to the kids when their parents, nationals of different EU states, go their separate ways? EuroparlTV examined the case of a French-German couple.

Advice to international couples who separate and where one partner wishes to move to another European country.

A guide intended to be a working tool for professionals who deal with international child abduction in their day-to-day practice. It helps detect a possible risk of international child abduction more quickly, to better assess an effective risk and to launch an appropriate assistance.

Identifies data on potential informants and target groups of national and international training institutes, medication associations and trainers working in family mediation.

This guide promotes good practices in mediation and other processes in international family disputes concerning children which fall within the scope of the Hague Convention of 25 October 1980 on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction

Guide setting out principles & good practices regarding implementation & application on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, drawing attention to provisions in respect of Parental Responsibility and Measures for the Protection of Children & providing an overall model for constructing an international system of co-operation.

Guide with sections on Measures available in the requested State, their content and the conditions for their application; Legal challenges; The effect of legal challenges on the enforceability of return orders; The enforcement procedure and the actors involved; Promoting voluntary compliance; The child; Co-operation among actors within the requested State; Cross-border co-operation to ensure safe return; Training and education

Deals with preventive measures. Preventing abduction is a key aim of the 1980 Convention and it is widely acknowledged that it is better to prevent abduction than to have to seek a child's return after abduction

Guide with sections on Key operating principles; The path to signature and ratification or accession; Methods of implementation; Central Authorities; Organisation of the courts; Legal procedural matters; Legal aid and assistance; Aids to interpretation; Facilitating acceptance of accessions.

Guide with sections on Key operating principles; Establishing and consolidating the Central Authority; Abduction applications outgoing & incoming: role of the requesting Central Authority; Access applications: role of requesting and requested Central Authorities & other important functions and issues.

This book wants to provide both work aids for practical activity and training materials for mediation training in cross-border conflicts involving parents and children.

What is meant by Convention mediation? How can a mediation process fit within the constraints of the Convention? Why offer mediation in Convention cases given the existing legal framework? This book addresses these questions and in so doing seeks to encourage enthusiasm about the use of mediation in the Convention context to greater practice

The new Inform from the European Migration Network (EMN), in collaboration with international organisations, EU agencies and NGOs, offers a global picture of the phenomenon of migrant children going missing.

This handbook aims to stimulate and disseminate practices on how to better cooperate in prevention, response and after care of missing or exploited children in migration.

This report illustrates the implementation and the results of the simulations of cases of missing children in migration is order to test practices and procedures for multi-agency collaboration at national and cross-border level.

This report assesses the impact on children of being returned from Europe to Afghanistan. Through interviews with individual children, their parents or guardians, and with governmental and non-governmental actors, it builds a picture of children’s material, physical, legal and psychosocial safety during the returns process.

Challenges and progress in implementing the European Commission Communication on the Protection of Children in Migration: Providing effective protection and enhancing integration at local level.

A study of the communication channels used by migrants and asylum seekers in Italy, with a particular focus on online and social media

Attitudes towards National Identity, Immigration and Refugees in Italy

Uprooted and unprotected: A multi-agency approach to safeguarding children forced into migration through northern France

There are alternatives: A handbook for preventing unnecessary immigration detention (revised edition)

European commission communication on protecting children in migration

European Parliament resolution on the protection of children in migration (May 2018)

Let children be children: Lessons from the Field on the Protection and Integration of Refugee and Migrant Children in Europe

Trafficking along Migration Routes to Europe: Bridging the Gap between Migration, Asylum and Anti-Trafficking

The report argues that the EU is at a unique turning point at which it is vital to invest in the integration of people who have sought protection here, and that the institutions have a key role in putting this into practice. The implementation of the European Commission’s Action Plan on Integration coming to an end in 2018, ongoing discussions about the restructuring of EU funding for integration and a new Commission in 2019 create an ideal moment to reflect on the shape and extent of future EU action on integration. After providing an overview of the current situation of refugees and asylum-seekers in the EU in Section II, the report aims to contribute to this process by highlighting good practices and suggesting some fundamental considerations informed by the IRC’s many decades of experience in supporting the integration of people seeking protection internationally, in the U.S. and in Europe.

This research attempts to quantify the number of unaccompanied asylum-seeking children and children who may be trafficked in the UK care system, as well as the number who go missing from care.

This section looks at the fundamental rights implications of the following practices in more detail: Recent legislative changes Family tracing Family reunification Dublin requests

The report of a two year transnational project involving government, local authorities NGOs and young asylum seekers.

Uprooted: The growing crisis for refugee and migrant children presents new data that paint a sad and sobering global picture of the lives and situations of millions of children and families affected by violent conflict and other crises that make it seem safer to risk everything on a perilous journey than to remain at home.

The report details the findings of the ESRC funded Mediterranean Missing project, which was launched as part of a wider £1 million ESRC research programme, in response to the ongoing humanitarian crisis. Over a period of 12 months a team of researchers worked on the Greek island of Lesbos and in Sicily, Italy - the two main entry points for migrants and refugees into Europe and where a large number of boats carrying migrants have sunk in recent years - and looked at how the authorities deal with the bodies of migrants. They interviewed a range of relevant actors, including local authority employees, NGOs, coastguards, coroners, and funeral office staff, as well as families of missing migrants from Tunisia, Syria and Iraq, to understand their experience.

I bambini e gli adolescenti vittime di lavoro forzato nel mondo - un fenomeno più ampio della tratta e in alcuni casi connesso - sono 168 milioni; tra questi 85 milioni svolgono lavori altamente rischiosi per la loro salute e sicurezza, come il lavoro in agricoltura, in miniera, nell’edilizia o nelle fabbriche.

A team of 20 researchers conducted a survey investigating the Calais camp’s demographic composition, potential human rights violations occurring amongst the people currently living there, and their future aspirations and plans.

This handbook aims to stimulate and disseminate practices on how to better cooperate in prevention, response and after care of missing unaccompanied children.

UNICEF has concerns about the situation and the protection of unaccompanied and separated children who may be returned to their country of origin. One of the main recommendations of the report is that return policies should be made child proof and in line with children's rights.

Guidelines on the Applicable Criteria and Standards relating to the Detention of Asylum-Seekers and Alternatives to Detention

The rights to liberty and security of person are fundamental human rights, reflected in the international prohibition on arbitrary detention, and supported by the right to freedom of movement. While States have the right to control the entry and stay of non-nationals on their territory, this right needs to be exercised while respecting refugee and human rights law standards.

Putting people in detention has become a routine – rather than exceptional – response to the irregular entry or stay of asylum-seekers and migrants in a number of countries. Some governments view detention as a means to dissuade irregular migration to or applying for asylum in their territories. While acknowledging that irregular entry or stay may present many challenges to States, detention is not the answer.

Referring to reported cases of violence perpetrated in several types of institutions for children, both among children and by adults, the Commissioner called on the Bulgarian authorities to investigate such allegations and protect children from further harm.

According to Europol, 10,000 unaccompanied migrant children have disappeared within hours of being registered and only a handful have been found since. The study calls for improved cooperation between law enforcement, social workers in shelters and reception centres, guardians, hotlines for missing children and other parties to better prevent and respond to the disappearance of unaccompanied children.

Children on the move face many safety risks and concerns and when Europe is not proving able to handle the influx of migrants from a child rights perspective, these risks become even more severe. The European Ombudspersons for Children (ENOC) therefore decided to develop this report, to establish an overview of the current safety risks for children on the move in Europe and of the degree to which they have access to their rights, both while travelling to and through Europe and upon arrival in their country of destination.

Upon request by the LIBE committee, this study examines the workings of the Common European Asylum System (CEAS), in order to assess the need and potential for new approaches to ensure access to protection for people seeking it in the EU, including joint processing and distribution of asylum seekers.

A new report by The Children's Society "Cut Off From Justice: The impact of excluding separated migrant children from legal aid" finds that the removal of legal aid for most immigration cases means that many children, including those in local authority care, are at risk of abuse or exploitation because their immigration status cannot be resolved, increasing their vulnerability.

PICUM together with FEANTSA and EAPN launch their new report outlining strategies and good practices to overcome barriers for undocumented migrants to access housing and shelter.

All policies relating to unaccompanied minors released by the European Commission.

This article explores the struggle to locate, identify, and provide for missing, lost, and displaced German children after 1945.

The research looked at law and practice in Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden and the United Kingdom and one of the three particular areas of research was the disappearance of unaccompanied and separated migrant and trafficked children.

Anecdotal evidence has been gathered of children going missing but not reported to the police or any other services. Similarly, cases were identified of children who were being exploited but not known to services.

This submission's aim is to raise awareness among EU countries in Children disappearances especially those affected by migration. More support is needed by creating institutions that will help them.

Offers journalists a media-friendly glossary of terms in multiple languages to ensure specificity and accuracy in their word choice

Sans Papiers combines a contemporary account of the theoretical and policy debates with an in-depth exploration of the lived experiences of undocumented migrants in the UK from Zimbabwe, China, Brazil, Ukraine and Turkish Kurdistan.

This report focuses on the needs of undocumented migrant minors across nine different EU countries.

Handbook to enable organisations to review how they prevent child trafficking and exploitation, and whether they ensure that the best interests of the child guide their activities

It investigates the educational experiences of thirty-two separated children (unaccompanied minors seeking refuge) in two different regions: the Ile-de-France (Paris) region of France and the province of Quebec in Canada.

Study carried out in Belgium, France, Spain and Switzerland on the disappearances of unaccompanied foreign minors placed in institutions. This publication seeks to contribute ways of improving the care of unaccompanied foreign minors arriving in European countries.

he Routine Activity Theory construct of capable guardianship is used to examine the features of 78 cases of stranger child abduction, using an outcome-based approach to establishing the effectiveness of various potential sources of guardianship in preventing abduction attempts from becoming completed, and to test widely held and taught beliefs on this subject.

Child abduction is every parent and community's worst nightmare. Specifically, a child abducted from inside a residence can be a source of great panic and give the perception that the four walls of one's home offer little or no protection from offenders who ...

This article examines resistance strategies thought to reduce the likelihood that a child will be able to overcome an attempted stranger child abduction event.

This article summarizes the background of child abduction cases related to Hungary, giving a comprehensive analysis of such cases between the period of 2000 and 2014.

Child abduction has generated extensive media attention due to deep-seated fear elicited by infamous incidents. This study emphasizes differences across abductors/victims in a four category relationship-based typology, including a newer category – ‘intimate partner abductions’.

Research by Parents and Abducted Children Together (PACT) finds that ‘stranger danger’ approaches to keeping children safe are still common place. Many parents talk to children about ‘stranger danger’, and in the aftermath of a local incident police and teachers sometimes run ‘stranger danger’ safety classes. This paper explores the main themes of ‘stranger danger’.

It was also found that being accompanied by other children was actually more risky than being unaccompanied, which refutes expectations. Recommendations for program modification based on these findings are discussed.

The issues that arise in responding to repeat reports to the policing of people missing from institutional locations (such as hospitals, mental health units and children's residential care) are the focus of this article.

This groundbreaking book brings together for the first time ideas and expertise across this vast subject area into one interconnected publication. It explores the subjects of missing children, missing adults, the investigative process of missing person cases, and the families of missing persons.

Derek Congram’s new collection responds to growing public awareness of persons who have disappeared due to armed conflict, repressive regimes, criminal behaviour, and racist and colonial policies towards Indigenous persons and minority populations.

Children who leave home as runaways or are forced from their homes without alternative placements (thrownaways) are at great risk for being sexually exploited through commercial sexual activity or prostitution.

The purpose of this paper is to explore how, by encouraging all key stakeholders to “play nicely and act maturely” to share responsibility, the author was able to improve outcomes for children reported missing to Gwent Police. The paper shows that sharing responsibility is a critical factor in such collaboration, requiring people and agencies to let go of power that usually interferes with a preparedness to avoid blame, a willingness to enjoy the rewards of success and together manage the risks.

The UK Missing Persons Bureau estimates that as many as 160,000 children and young people are reported missing every year. Research from the Children’s Society over the past decade has shed some light on this issue and the recent spotlight on CSE has pushed the issue of children and young people going missing up the political agenda. However, the link between gang involvement and going missing from home is still very much unknown, with no specific research or national data collected indicating how many are affected.

An exploration of why 16 and 17 year olds go missing, what support they have and what their outcomes are.

This project on missing children was deliberated upon the media reports on the increase of the number of missing children in year 2013-2014. A thorough investigation was conducted in classifying the various trends in the increase of the registered number of missing cases in Delhi.